Latent infection refers to a type of persistent infection in which the infectious agent remains dormant or hidden within the host cells, without causing any apparent symptoms or signs of illness. During latent infection, the infectious agent can reactivate and cause disease under certain conditions, such as a weakened immune system or other triggering factors. Latent infections are common with various types of viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Examples include herpes viruses, HIV, tuberculosis, and certain types of parasites. Latent infections can be challenging to diagnose and treat, as the infectious agent may be difficult to detect and eradicate when in its dormant state. Research in latent infection involves understanding the mechanisms of how pathogens establish latent infections, the factors that trigger reactivation, and developing strategies to prevent or control latent infections. This research is important for improving diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases caused by latent infections.